Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, restricts the airflow of the lungs and passageways of the breathing system, according to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Steroids treat the symptoms of COPD and decrease hospital stays. Hormones found in the body provide the model for steroids that relieve COPD. A nebulizer turns a liquid medication into a mist for inhalation.
Albuterol and Ipratropium (Duoneb)
COPD steroids imitate natural hormones produced by the adrenal glands, according to MayoClinic.com. In general, steroids taken for COPD suppress both inflammation and immune system response to moderate the major symptoms of COPD and make the patient more comfortable. Common major side effects of steroids include fluid retention (swelling), elevated blood pressure, weight gain, glaucoma and mood swings. With the use of nebulized steroids, the patient may experience dry mouth, sore throat, coughing or hoarseness. An abrupt stopping of steroid use causes serious problems in the patient's hormonal system that could lead to serious complications.
Duoneb combines two steroids, albuterol and ipratropium, according to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The inhaler Combivent uses this formula. The bronchodilator albuterol relieves spasms of the lung's passageways which increases airflow, according to the book "Pharmacology." Ipratropium, a bronchodilator, also decreases the secretion of mucus. The most commonly reported side effects of the albuterol and ipratropium combination include chest pain, sore throat and diarrhea.
Beclometasone Dipropionate (Beclovent)
The steroid beclometasone dipropionate reduces inflammation of the airways, according to the Cleveland Clinic. As a bronchodilator, beclometasone dipropionate decreases the sensitivity of the air passages to allergens and irritants. Common side effects of beclometasone dipropionate include headache, upper respiratory infection and throat and nasal infections.
Dexamethasone
The long-acting anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone stays in the system for one to three days, according to "Pharmacology." Its many uses include treatment of nausea and adrenal insufficiency. Side effects of dexamethasone include blurred vision, eye pain and discharge from the eyes.
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
The Cleveland Clinic categorizes budesonide as an inhaled corticosteroid. As an anti-inflammatory, it reduces irritation and opens the airways. Possible side effects of budesonide include diarrhea, cough, throat irritation and nosebleed.
References
- University of Pittsburg Medical Center: COPD: Medicines
- "Pharmacology," 2nd ed.; Mary Mycek, Richard Harvey, Pamela Champe; 2000
- Cleveland Clinic: Anti-Inflammatory Medications for COPD
- Mayo Clinic: Prednisone and Other Corticosteroids: Balance the Risks and Benefits
