Red, scaly patches on a baby's skin are frightening for parents who don't know what the problem might be. Most likely it is eczema, which the BabyCenter.com cites as an extremely common condition, affecting about one in five babies and young children. Doctors and scientists have not pinpointed the exact cause, but they know the risk factors and treatment.
Definition
Eczema is the common name for a skin condition officially known as atopic dermatitis. BabyCenter.com explains it is characterized by either tiny red bumps or dry, scaly skin patches. The bumps often blister and ooze, especially if they are scratched. Eczema is more common in families with a history of allergies and asthma, and families in which other members also have the condition. The most common affected spots are the scalp, forehead and cheeks. The rash can also break out on other body parts like the chest, arms and legs.
Causes
Researchers have not pinpointed the specific causes of eczema, although the Mayo Clinic states that it might be linked to the immune system. There are many known contributing factors. BabyCenter.com explains that genetics plays a big role since the condition can, apparently, be inherited. It can also be caused by allergens in an infant's diet, although it is not actually an allergic reaction. Contributing factors include heat, temperature changes, dryness, and detergents and other products with irritating chemicals that contact a baby's skin.
Effects
Eczema is not inherently dangerous or contagious, but the rash is itchy. Scratching irritates the infected areas even more, and BabyCenter.com warns that it can cause infections. This can be difficult to control in babies because they do not understand that they must not scratch themselves. Some parents put socks over their hands to prevent inadvertent scratching.
Time Frame
Age plays a role in the appearance of eczema. BabyCenter.com states that it appears in during the first year of life in 65 percent of sufferers. Ninety percent of people get it before age five. The condition usually improves significantly by the time a baby is two years old, but 60 percent of people continue to get the rashes into adulthood. Dr. Alan Greene, a pediatrician who runs a parenting advice site, explains that it is more likely to persist throughout life in people with a family history of eczema.
Treatment
Since dryness is a contributing cause, BabyCenter.com recommends bathing affected youngsters daily with mild soap, then applying a moisturizing lotion, cream or ointment. Chemicals also contribute, so many babies show improvement when their parents switch to unscented detergents and eliminate fabric softener use. Also, don't move a baby with eczema abruptly from a hot environment to a cold one or visa versa. BabyCenter.com advises that food causes can be identified by temporarily removing suspect items from the youngster's diet. The most common culprits are cow's milk, eggs, soy, peanuts, wheat and fish. Over the counter steroid creams will control the symptoms but do not cure the underlying problem.
