A low-protein diet is designed to treat patients who suffer from certain diseases of the liver and kidneys. When the liver and kidneys begin to fail, it's difficult for the body to process the nitrogen and ammonia that are by-products of protein. Protein consumption is scaled back to relieve the stress on these vital organs. Observers of a low-protein diet must be wary of problems arising from protein deficiency.
Muscle Loss
Protein is made up of amino acids that are responsible for repairing and building muscle. A low-protein diet may result in sarcopenia, which is a steady decline of muscle mass. The body enters a state in which catabolic hormones are forced to break down existing muscle in order to use the amino acids. Without proper exercise and adequate protein intake, a low-protein diet may result in weakness and fatigue.
Poor Immune System Health
The immune system depends on protein to function properly. Infection-fighting antibodies are made up of proteins, so a deficiency in protein can result in a weakened immune system and an inability to fight off illnesses. One of the symptoms of a condition called marasmus is the breakdown of the immune system. Marasmus commonly affects people in countries with little food, especially infants who do not get adequate baby formula.
Diabetic Issues
A low-protein diet is characterized by high amounts of carbohydrates. People who suffer from diabetes may see complications in the form of blood-sugar responses from eating too many carbohydrates. These individuals need to incorporate more unsaturated fats into their diet as an alternative source of calories.
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is a state of malnutrition characterized by sarcopenia, fatty deposits on the liver and edema. Edema is the retention of excess fluids, which causes the sufferer to appear bloated or distended. The condition typically affects young children in developing nations.
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