Scoliosis refers to an abnormal curvature of the spine. According to the Scoliosis Research Society, scoliosis can occur in four different populations: infants, juveniles, adolescents and adults.The onset of scoliosis in older children is referred to as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. If you have an adolescent child who is diagnosed with this type of scoliosis, it's important to understand the causes, treatments and risks associated with the disorder.
Definition
Adolescent scoliosis is a specific type of curvature of the spine. The Scoliosis Research Society defines adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as a lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine, typically appearing in children ages 10 to 17 years old. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, it is present in 2 to 4 percent of children between the ages of 10 and 16. More severe curvatures, typically 30 degrees or more, are more common in girls than in boys.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Adolescent scoliosis is characterized by several key symptoms. According to the North American Spine Society, common symptoms include asymmetry in the shoulders or waist line or a disparity in limb length. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center also notes that lower back fatigue or muscle aches can also be present in some cases. Adolescent scoliosis may be diagnosed initially by using a scoliometer to measure any visible curvature. Patients are typically referred to a spine specialist, who confirms the diagnosis through spinal x-rays.
Causes
Currently, there are no identifiable causes of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. According to the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS), current theories regarding its onset are related to hormonal imbalance, asymmetric growth, muscle imbalance and genetics. The SRS estimates that approximately 30% of adolescent scoliosis patients have a family history of scoliosis, reinforcing the theory of a genetic link.
Treatment
Treatment methods for adolescent scoliosis vary based on the patient's age and the severity of their condition. According to the Scoliosis Research Society, the primary forms of treatment include observation, bracing and surgery. Observation is typically recommended for patients with a curvature of 25 degrees or less who are still growing or those with curvatures of less than 50 degrees who have finished growing. Bracing is generally recommended for patients with curvatures ranging from 25 to 40 degrees who are still growing. Bracing is designed to stop the progression of the curvature and must be worn until the growth process is complete. Surgery involves the implantation of steel rods, which are designed to align and fuse the spine. Surgery is typically only used for patients with a curvature of 45 degrees or more.
Considerations
If you suspect your child may have symptoms of scoliosis, it's important to consult your pediatrician as soon as possible to establish a proper diagnosis. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, failure to properly diagnose and treat adolescent scoliosis can lead to a progression of the disease, which can be fatal as the internal organs become compressed. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center recommends seeking medical care as early as possible to maximize potential for successful treatment.
