The National Cancer Institute describes lymphedema as the build-up of lymph fluid in tissues due to a blockage or damage to the lymph system. This can occur during or after cancer treatment from removal of lymph nodes or damage to the nodes from radiation, infection or the cancer itself; this is called secondary lymphedema. When lymphedema originates from abnormal development of the lymph system, it is called primary lymphedema. While lymphedema cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed and symptoms can be controlled with a combination of treatments.
Function
The aim of lymphedema treatment is to control the symptoms of the condition and prevent other problems like infection. Non-drug treatments are typically the standard of care, and drug treatment is not usually used for long-term treatment, says the National Cancer Institute. Enabling the patient to be able to perform activities of daily living, minimize pain and improve use of the affected limb are the main goals of treatment, according to the National Cancer Institute.
Compression Therapies
Compression sleeves for arms and legs are used to treat lymphedema; these tight-fitting garments help the lymph fluid to move out of the affected area, reducing the swelling. These sleeves may also be prescribed by a doctor after other therapies that have already reduced the swelling, to prevent a recurrence. Professional fittings for these sleeves is recommended, and the health care team should be able to provide resources for this. Pneumatic compressions is another type of compression therapy for lymphedema. This therapy involves wearing a sleeve over the affected area that is connected to a machine with a pump, and the sleeve inflates periodically, putting pressure on the swelling, according to the Mayo Clinic. This pressure helps move the fluid away from the swollen limb, decreasing the overall swelling.
Massage Therapies
Massage therapy for lymphedema should be performed by someone with special training in treating lymphedema, says the National Cancer Institute. This kind of massage strokes, taps and gently rubs the tissues the help encourage lymph fluid to move through the tissues instead of accumulating and causing swelling. A trained professional can also teach a patient how to perform this themselves.
Exercise
Light exercises of the arms or legs that are affected with lymphedema are used to help move lymph fluid through the limb by simple gravity, says Breastcancer.org and the Mayo Clinic. This should not be hard exercise, but gentle movements that a physician or physical therapist can teach the patient. Breastcancer.org lists some possible exercises that may be prescribed, like swimming, arm stretches and exercises that maintain flexibility.
Considerations
In addition to lymphedema treatments, managing the condition can include preventing infection, keeping the affected skin clean and moisturized and actively making sure the affected limb is not constricted or blocked. Keeping lymph fluid flowing through the body is important in managing lymphedema, says the National Cancer Institute. Not crossing the legs, avoiding tight clothes or elastics and not carrying purses on the affected limb are all actions that can help minimize symptoms. If the lymphedema appears to be getting worse or reappears after symptoms have been effectively managed, an exam by a physician may be warranted.
