Numbness, a symptom medically referred to as paresthesias, is a loss of feeling that usually affects the fingers, hands, arms and legs, according to MedlinePlus. Numbness in the fingers is usually a symptom of a minor condition that occurs as a result of excess pressure on a peripheral nerve that causes a disruption in blood flow. Numbness may also be a result of abnormal blood vessel constriction.
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment
The ulnar nerve runs from under the collarbone down through the entire length of the arm and to the hand. The function of the ulnar nerve is to provide sensation to the pinky fingers and ring fingers and to provide fine-movement ability in the hand. Ulnar nerve entrapment occurs when the nerve gets compressed, usually at the elbow, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. The exact cause of ulnar nerve entrapment is unknown, but it is believed to be a result of previous elbow fractures, bone spurs, elbow joint inflammation and cysts.
Symptoms of ulnar nerve entrapment include numbness in the pinky and ring fingers, pain in the elbow, weak grip and difficulty with finger coordination. If the nerve has been compressed for an extended period of time, muscle wasting may occur. Ulnar nerve entrapment can usually be treated with anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy and making sure the elbow stays straight during sleep. In severe or prolonged cases, surgery may be needed to release excess pressure being exerted on the nerve.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
The carpal tunnel is a passageway located on the palm side of the wrist that protects the median nerve. The median nerve provides sensation to the hand and fingers and also allows for motor function. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when there is excess pressure placed on the median nerve due to a decrease in space in the carpal tunnel. Excess pressure can be a result of repetitive use of the wrist and hands, other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, or physical characteristics such as an abnormally narrow carpal tunnel, according to the Mayo Clinic. Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include numbness in the fingers and hand, tingling in the fingers and hand, pain in the wrist and arm, and weakness in the hands. Carpal tunnel syndrome can usually be successfully treated with a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs, pain relievers and wrist splints. If this treatment is not effective, surgery may be required to cut the ligament that causes pressure on the nerve.
Raynaud's Disease
Raynaud's disease is a condition characterized by a spontaneous constriction of the arteries, which are the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body. When the arteries constrict, blood flow to the fingers and toes is reduced. This results in pale color, numbness, cold temperature, pain, and redness and burning in the fingers and toes. The exact cause of Raynaud's disease is unknown but is believed to be due to a number of conditions, such as damage to the arteries, repetitive actions, injury to the hands or feet, chemical exposure, or certain medications, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Stress and cold temperatures trigger symptoms in those with Raynaud's disease. There is no cure for Raynaud's disease, but a combination of lifestyle changes, such as avoiding cold temperatures and stressful situations, and medications can reduce symptoms.
