An eye allergy, or allergic conjunctivitis, is an allergic condition that affects the eyes but can be accompanied by other allergy symptoms, such as nasal congestion or a scratchy throat, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Most allergies that affect the eyes are airborne substances such as pollen, pet dander and mold spores, according to Penn State University.
Definition
According to Penn State University, allergies that affect the eyes cause inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin lining of the inner eyelid that coats the white of the eye. The condition is also referred to as "pink eye" because of the primary symptom of eye redness. Pink eye is caused by allergies or by a bacterial infection.
Cause
According to the Kellogg Eye Center, an eye allergy is the immune system's overreaction to certain substances that cause high quantities of various chemicals to be released. This causes eye irritation and other allergy symptoms. Histamine is the most common chemical released in the body that results in allergy symptoms.
Effects
Allergic conjunctivitis results in red, watery, itchy and swollen eyes, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Someone with eye allergies will want to scratch her eyes to provide relief but this only perpetuates the irritation. Other symptoms can accompany an eye allergy, such as a runny nose, sneezing and nasal congestion.
Treatment
The best treatment for eye allergies is to avoid allergen triggers, according to Penn State University. Identify the allergens that cause a reaction and avoid exposure. The Kellogg Eye Center recommends using a cool compress over the eyes to reduce swelling and irritation and a daily antihistamine to reduce the amount of histamine in the body. Antihistamines are sold as an oral pill or eye drops. They should be used as directed under a doctor's supervision.
Complications
According to the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, medical attention should be sought if blisters form on the inner lids or on the whites of the eyes. Some swelling is normal during eye allergies, but if the eyes are almost swollen shut, a doctor should be consulted. If the eye discharge worsens or is sticky and thick, the eye should be evaluated for infection. If medications do not help alleviate the symptoms within two days, a doctor should be alerted.
