According to the National Institute of Health, a spinal disc is a sponge-like disc found between each vertebra that acts as a shock absorber. It also helps to prevent spine injury and stabilize proper spine alignment. A herniated disc occurs when the disc ruptures, tears, bulges and exposes the vertebra's gelatinous center. A herniated disc applies pressure to the spinal cord and surrounding nerves, which creates problems such as pain, stiffness and numbness in the extremities. Herniated removal surgery is a common procedure performed by neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons. Discectomy, or removal of the disc, can create various complications.
Spinal Cord Injury
Anytime there is a spine operation, there is the possibility of injuring the spinal cord. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, a herniated disc often protrudes into the spinal canal, which makes it a delicate operation. The brain connects to the spinal cord, which is made of nerve fibers, to relay information to other body parts. As a result, unintended injury can lead to paralysis or weakness due to interference of the nervous system. Nerve damage in the lower back can cause incontinence and interfere with sexual functions, notes University of Maryland Medical Center.
Spinal Fluid Leak
According to the Mayo Clinic, spinal fluid leaks occur due to tears in the spinal cord sac, called the dura. The dura contains all the spinal cord's nerve fibers. It is surrounded by spinal fluid that protects and acts as a shock absorber. Severe headaches after spinal surgery can occur if the dura tears and subsequently leaks. A spinal leak can also form around the base of the spine and initiate back pain and weakness.
Persistent Pain
The Texas Spine and Joint Hospital reports that pain is the most common complication of spine surgery. Persistent pain occurs because of continuous nerve pressure. Fortunately, herniated disc surgery removes the disc from obstructing the nerves so that they can recover. However, scar tissue can form around nerves and cause continued weakness and pain.
