Cholesterol is a type of fat found in foods. Anatomically, cholesterol is a fat that exists in your blood. The American Heart Association explains that lipoproteins play a role in transporting cholesterol so that it does not build up in the arteries. A buildup of bad cholesterol can lead to serious health problems, and even death. Blood tests are needed to determine what your total cholesterol level is so that any problems can be addressed.
Types
Cholesterol comes in two forms: high-density lipoprotein, or HDL, and low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. LDL is known as "bad" cholesterol while HDL is the "good" type of cholesterol. The key is to ensure that LDL levels stay low, and HDL levels remain high in the blood. The American Heart Association also emphasizes the importance of checking your triglyceride levels. High levels of triglycerides in the blood indicate a high level of LDL cholesterol.
Formation
The Center for Young Women's Health explains that cholesterol is formed in the blood from the liver and cholesterol in foods. HDL helps keep your blood flowing smoothly and sends LDL cholesterol to the liver for excretion. According to the American Heart Association, LDL is a fat that forms and builds up in your arteries over time. In extreme cases, the fat hardens if not carried to the liver, thereby preventing proper blood circulation through your brain and heart. Heart attacks and strokes can occur under such conditions.
Dietary Causes
Saturated fats and trans fats lead to higher cholesterol levels, and increase the amount of LDL in the blood. According to the Center for Young Women's Health, examples of foods with these types of fats include whole dairy products, red meat, lard, poultry skin, eggs, fried foods, shortening, margarine, doughnuts, muffins and cookies. Heart-healthy fats, namely omega-3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat, help increase HDL levels. Include olive oil, canola oil, fish, legumes, almonds, soybeans, legumes and green-leafy vegetables in your diet. This will help inhibit the formation of cholesterol in your arteries.
Other Factors
A diet of low-fat foods does not necessarily put you in the clear for cholesterol problems, especially if high cholesterol runs in your family. The liver also naturally produces cholesterol on its own without the influence of fatty foods. Also, CNN Health reports that smoking, alcohol, hypothyroidism, a lack of exercise, steroids and HIV medications can all raise your LDL levels.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Regular blood tests from your physician can help identify cholesterol problems. Consider receiving these tests more often if you are at a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol. The American Heart Association explains that an HDL level of below 40 mg/dL poses a risk of arterial cholesterol build-up. On the flip side, an LDL level of above 100 mg/dL also puts you at risk, according to CNN Health. If dietary and lifestyle changes do not affect your cholesterol levels, your doctor may recommend prescription medications.
