A joint is an area where two bones meet. Surrounding the joint are cartilage, tendons, ligaments and fluid-filled sacs, which, in healthy individuals, allow the joint to move as well as provide cushion and support so that there is no pain. Joint pain occurs as a result of abnormalities in any one of the components that make up a joint.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovium, which is lining of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that occurs when antibodies attack the synovium, and most often affects the small joints of the hands and fingers. The chronic inflammation eventually causes damage to the cartilage and bone in the joint and the tendons and ligaments stretch and weaken, according to Mayo Clinic. Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include joint pain, joint swelling, tenderness in the joints, red swollen hands, hard bumps under the skin, fatigue, joint stiffness and weight loss. There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, but a combination of medications can usually reduce symptoms. These medications include pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants. Occupational therapy may also be used in combination with medications. If medications and occupational therapy are ineffective, surgery to repair the joints may be needed.
Bursitis
Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that lie between the tendons and bone and provide cushion for the joints by reducing friction and allowing proper movement. Bursitis is a condition in which the bursae become inflamed. There are a number of conditions that can cause bursitis, including repetitive motion, trauma, arthritis or infections, according to Medline Plus. Symptoms of bursitis include joint pain, tenderness, swelling and increased temperature in the joints. Rest, pain relievers and refraining from joint movement are usually sufficient in treating bursitis. If these treatment options are not effective, fluid may be drained from the joint or anti-inflammatory medications may be injected directly into the joint.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a condition characterized by the inflammation and eventual breakdown of cartilage, the tissue that covers the ends of bone and allows bones to move freely and painlessly. When cartilage breaks down, the bones rub together. This causes pain, inflammation and loss of motion in the joint, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Over time, the joint shape may change and bone spurs may develop. Osteoarthritis most commonly develops as a result of increasing age, but can develop in younger people as a result of joint injury, genetic defects or abnormal joint structure. Osteoarthritis can be successfully treated with physical therapy, exercise, medications and lifestyle changes. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair the damaged parts of the joint.
