MedlinePlus states that dust mites are microscopic insect-like creatures that live in dusty areas of a home. Dust mites thrive in environments that are warm and above 50 percent humidity, according to National Jewish Health. They are commonly found in carpets, pillows, mattresses, stuffed animals and upholstered furniture. Dust mite droppings and other byproducts mix with dust and when inhaled can cause an allergic reaction in some people. An allergy to dust mites should be confirmed by an allergist before self-treating.
Cause
The immune system of a person with dust mite allergies perceives dust mite proteins as a harmful substance. The immune system reacts to an invading substance by releasing antibodies, which cause a chain reaction of other chemicals such as histamines. A histamine is a hormone/chemical transmitter that causes allergy symptoms.
Symptoms
An allergy to dust mites results in common allergy symptoms such as nasal complications, asthmatic reactions and eye irritations. Nasal complications include sneezing, a runny nose, sinus congestion, facial pressure and post nasal drip, red, watery eyes, and swelling around the eyes, according to MayoClinic.com. Allergy-induced asthma can result from a dust mite allergy. In this case, the patient can experience shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, wheezing and chest tightness. If someone experiences faintness or the inability to breathe, she should seek medical assistance immediately.
Treatment
Ridding the home of dust mites is the best treatment for dust mite allergies, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, or ACAAI. Taking measures to reduce the presence of dust mites in the home environment can help alleviate dust mite allergy symptoms. These measures can include getting rid of carpets, covering bedding with dust mite covers and maintaining a lower humidity level in the home. MedlinePlus recommends washing all bedding at least once a week in hot, soapy water to kill mites. Other treatments include over-the-counter antihistamines, decongestants and saline nasal sprays. If symptoms persist, talk to an allergist about getting allergy injections.
Complications
According to MayoClinic.com, the two most common complications with a dust mite allergy are difficulty managing asthma symptoms and developing a sinus infection. People who suffer from asthma may find it challenging to avoid asthma attacks if exposed to dust mites regularly. The constant irritation of the sinuses due to the allergic reaction can lead to a sinus infection.
Considerations
Keeping a clean and dust-free home is essential for someone with a dust mite allergy, according to National Jewish Health. While cleaning, a person should wear a face mask and avoid stirring up dust as much as possible. Running a HEPA-certified air filter in the home helps reduce the amount of dust particles in the air.
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