Insemination is the process by which a sperm cell is able to combine with an egg cell. Sometimes this process can be hindered by problems with the sperm or the female reproductive tract, requiring the use of alternative insemination processes.
Physiology
Insemination normally occurs when sperm are able to pass through the vagina and cervix and gain access to the uterus. There the sperm are able to fertilize an egg, which implants in the uterine wall, allowing the embryo to develop.
Artificial Insemination
Artificial insemination can be done to treat certain kinds of infertility, the Advanced Fertility Center of Chicago explains, and it often involves a sperm sample that has been specially prepared to yield the most motile sperm cells. With this treatment, the female is often given medications to help her ovulate, and then sperm are placed into the cervix or the intrauterine cavity.
Home Techniques
Artificial insemination can also be done at home, Fertility Plus indicates. Sperm can be injected into the cervix using a needle-less or oral medicine syringe. Cervical caps and diaphragms can also be lined with sperm cells to give sperm access to the cervix. Finally, cervical caps with a special sperm access tube can be purchased with a prescription.
