Cocaine is commonly used for recreational purposes. The drug can induce powerful physiological effects by inhibiting the re-uptake of the brain neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain cells. Since dopamine plays a major role in behavior by affecting the reward system in the brain, increasing levels in brain fluids will cause intense pleasure and euphoria. The opposite effects can occur when dopamine levels are abnormally reduced. Addicts usually snort or inject the cocaine into the body. Cocaine addiction and withdrawal can present with psychiatric and physical symptoms.
Cocaine Cravings
Management of cocaine addiction treatment is to prevent inducing withdrawal, known as a "crash," in a patient with chronic cocaine abuse. According to MedlinePlus, one of the most significant signs of addiction withdrawal is a strong craving for the drug. The craving can last for many months after stopping the use of the drug. Depression is a symptom that usually accompanies the cravings during the withdrawal period.
Psychiatric Symptoms
Cocaine withdrawal symptoms commonly present with bizarre psychiatric behaviors as well as physiological symptoms such as stomach cramps, irritability, insomnia and fatigue. A study published in 1999 in the "Journal of Clinical Psychiatry" by W. Morton cited up to 84 percent of addicts experienced symptoms of paranoia and 55 percent displayed aggression. Additionally, homicides and increased risks of suicide are found in many addicts during cocaine withdrawal and recovery phases.
Treatment for Withdrawal
Detoxification from cocaine should be done under the supervision of a team of professional health care providers at a treatment center for addiction. Cocaine withdrawal can last from a week to several months as the body adjusts back to normal levels of dopamine in the brain. Night sweats, tremors, muscle contractions, headaches and seizures are some of the signs and symptoms during cocaine detoxification. Specialized 12 step treatment therapy and support groups across the country help people addicted to cocaine. For example, Narcotics Anonymous, Cocaine Anonymous and SMART Recovery have helped many cocaine addicts to recovery. Pharmacological interventions are needed to manage some of the signs and symptoms of cocaine withdrawal.
