Meningitis is an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal chord, caused by a bacteria or virus, according to BabyCenter.com. Most cases of meningitis in infants are treatable with little to no permanent damage, if treated in a timely manner. Neonatal meningitis--meningitis in a baby younger than three months--is considered a more serious condition that could result in mental retardation, hearing loss or death. Knowing the symptoms of meningitis in an infant can help parents recognize when to see a doctor and prevent serious complications.
Types
Meningitis in an infant is the result of bacteria or a virus affecting the brain and spinal lining. Bacterial meningitis is more serious and is life-threatening for an infant. An infant that develops bacterial meningitis will be hospitalized and treated with high levels of antibiotics, according to KidsHealth.org. Viral meningitis is not as serious, but can still lead to complications in infants. Viral meningitis symptoms come on progressively and get worse over the course of a few days. Bacterial meningitis symptoms can develop suddenly, without a progression.
Symptoms
Most symptoms of meningitis begin with the common cold symptoms, according to KidsHealth.org. These symptoms include fever, lethargy, nasal congestion, loss of appetite and changes in behavior. As the condition progresses, more serious symptoms develop such as a high fever, a tense or bulging soft spot on the head, fast breathing, extreme fussiness, shivering, blotchy skin and vomiting, according to meningitis.com. These symptoms should be evaluated by a pediatrician immediately.
Treatment
Treatment for meningitis in infants is determined by a doctor, according to BabyCenter.com. Viral meningitis is commonly left alone, allowing the infant's immune system to fight off the virus. The pediatrician may recommend over-the-counter medications, such as pain relievers, to alleviate some discomfort. The infant needs to rest and drink plenty of fluids. Infants with bacterial meningitis often have to spend up to two weeks in the hospital connected to an IV receiving high dose of antibiotics.
Prevention
Preventing meningitis in infants begins with proper immunizations, according to KidsHealth.org. Infants should stay current on their immunizations because they reduce the chances of developing the condition. Proper hygiene, including hand washing and sanitizing items placed in the mouth, can also prevent meningitis.
Caution
If you suspect your infant has meningitis, you should not hesitate to see your pediatrician. While some of the symptoms of meningitis are common to other less serious conditions, it is important to diagnosis and treat meningitis early for successful recovery.
