The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, or AAAAI, reports that allergies cause a number of reactions in the body that produce symptoms such as eye irritation, a scratchy throat and sinus complications. The sinus cavity is directly affected, with increased blood flow to the nasal membranes that causes inflammation and swelling. Swollen sinuses cause congestion, sinus headaches and postnasal drip. Allergy sufferers should talk with a doctor about what medications are best for their particular sinus condition.
Decongestants
The American Academy of Otolaryngology states that decongestants are used to restrict blood flow to the sinuses, thereby reducing inflammation. An irritated sinus cavity causes excessive amounts of blood to fill the sinus cavities, increasing their size. This action cuts off the ability to breathe and properly expel mucus from the nose. Decongestants have a similar affect on the body as adrenalin, with side effects of restlessness, nervousness and sleeplessness. Nasal decongestant sprays should not be used for more than 3 consecutive days because they cause rebound congestion, according to "The New York Times." A doctor should supervise the use of a decongestant.
Antihistamines
FamilyDocor.org states that antihistamines are used to treat allergic sinus conditions. When the body experiences an allergic reaction, it produces the hormone histamine. Histamine irritates different parts of the body such as the eyes, nose and throat. Antihistamines work by blocking the release of histamine, reducing the amount of allergy symptoms. Some antihistamines can lead to severe drowsiness, and some may require a doctor's prescription. Patients should consult with a medical professional before taking an antihistamine.
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are used to reduce sinus inflammation, according to NetDoctor. Corticosteroids have a different function than decongestants. Decongestants restrict blood flow, while corticosteroids prohibit certain chemicals in the sinus cavity that lead to inflammation. These drugs are administered in a nasal spray, and are most effective when used for at least 2 weeks. They are related to steroids, but do not function the same way as illegal steroids do. Corticosteroids are available by prescription only, and could have interactions with other drugs. A doctor should be informed of all drugs a patient is taking before using a nasal corticosteroid.
