An estimated 2 million Americans suffer from common insect sting allergies, accounting for more than 500,000 emergency room visits annually, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, or the ACAAI. Insect bite and sting allergies result in about 50 deaths a year in the United States from anaphylactic shock. Common insect allergies are not typically deadly, but they can cause serious health concerns. A medical doctor or allergist can determine the severity of an allergy.
Types
Penn State University states that the most common insect allergies are to bees, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants. Flying insects, such as bees and hornets, are easier to avoid because they are more identifiable. Fire ants bite and sting, and can attack suddenly without warning, resulting in multiple venemous stings, which can lead to a severe allergic reaction. Fire ants are found in southern states because of the warmer climates. Fire ants are very aggressive if their mound is disturbed.
Symptoms
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology states that mild symptoms include swelling in the face, tongue or throat, itching and hives and asthmatic reactions. Someone may experience difficulty breathing, shortness of breath and chest pain as a result of a common insect allergy. More serious symptoms include a sudden drop in blood pressure, fainting, mental confusion and nausea. A doctor should be aware of any symptoms experienced from an insect bite so she can decide on proper treatment and recommend prevention.
Treatment
Penn State University recommends removing the stinger, washing the injection area with soap and water and applying a cold compress to the area to prevent the venom from spreading. Take an oral antihistamine to control allergic reactions in the body and seek medical advice. Over-the-counter pain relievers and hydrocortisone creams are used to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. If a serious allergic reaction occurs, an epinephrine injection may be required to minimize serious complications, including death.
Prevention
The ACAAI states that avoiding exposure to insects is the first line of defense. Avoid walking without shoes while outdoors, drinking from open soda cans and keeping all food covered while outdoors. Don't wear bright clothing or any fragrance, including scented deodorants, hair products and detergents. During springtime, remain indoors to minimize exposure to common insects.
Considerations
Immunotherapy is a possible consideration for people with an insect allergy, according to Penn State University. Immunotherapy uses small amounts of the insect allergen to desensitize the immune system from overreacting to it. Immunotherapy is administered by an allergist over a three to five year period.
