Pelvic pain refers to any pain, cramping or burning that occurs in the area that below the bellybutton and between the hips, according to MayoClinic.com. Although pelvic pain can occur as an independent symptom, it is usually indicative of an underlying condition. Pelvic pain can be caused by abnormalities with the reproductive organs, urinary system or digestive diseases and affects women more frequently than men.
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are benign growths that form on the uterus, most commonly during childbearing years, according to MayoClinic.com. The fibroids can vary in size from microscopic to so big that they cause the uterus to enlarge. Uterine fibroids form from the smooth muscular tissue that makes up the uterine lining, called the myometrium. The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but they are believed to develop as a result of genetic mutations, hormones and other body chemicals. The most common symptoms of uterine fibroids include pelvic pain, heavy periods, prolonged periods, frequent urination, constipation and incomplete bladder emptying. If fibroids are small, they usually do not require treatment. In the case of larger fibroids, hormone therapy can be used to shrink the fibroids, but it does not get rid of them. If fibroids are causing severe pelvic pain, the fibroids alone or the entire uterus may be removed with surgery.
Interstitial Cystitis
Interstitial cystitis is the chronic inflammation of the lining of the bladder. The cause of interstitial cystitis is unknown, but it occurs most often in women aged 30 to 40, according to MedlinePlus. Symptoms of interstitial cystitis include pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, discomfort during urination, increased urinary frequency and an urgent need to urinate. Since there is not a known cause for interstitial cystitis, treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms. Oral medications to relieve individual symptoms are usually prescribed. Occasionally, medications will be injected directly into the bladder. It is also helpful in some cases to avoid foods that cause bladder irritation, such as citrus, coffee, cheeses and processed meats.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the female reproductive organs including the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Pelvic inflammatory develops as a result of an uncontrolled sexually transmitted infection, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia that travels from the cervix into the internal organs. Symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease include pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, irregular periods, chills, fever, pain during sexual intercourse, low back pain and painful urination, according to FamilyDoctor.org. Pelvic inflammatory disease can usually be cured with a series of antibiotics.
