Hives, also known as urticaria or nettle rash, are raised red welts that affect the surface of the skin. They may occur as a result from an allergic reaction to food or medicine. However, they can result from a viral infection. According to the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, hives are very common and likely to affect 10 to 20 percent of the U.S. population at least once in their lifetime. Antihistamines can help treat symptoms of hives.
Diphenhydramine
According to MedlinePlus, diphenhydramine is considered the most effective antihistamine for hives. Diphenhydramine is often known by the trade name Benadryl and may help relieve itchiness associated with hives. Diphenhydramine may cause drowsiness. As such, employ caution when driving or operating machinery, and avoid alcohol while taking diphenhydramine. RxList.com warns that diphenhydramine may cause side effects, including dry mouth, dizziness and headache.
Loratadine
Loratadine, also known by the trade name Claritin, is the best-tolerated antihistamine treatment for hives, states the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. Loratadine is non-sedating. This means that it does not cause drowsiness. It can be supplied either as a syrup, tablet or dissolvable tablet and is usually taken once a day. According to MedlinePlus, do not use loratadine to treat hives that are bruised or blistered. MedlinePlus also advises discontinuing loratadine if the hives do not improve three days after initiating treatment. Loratadine may cause side effects such as headache, sore throat and a dry mouth.
Cetirizine
Cetirizine, also known by the trade name Zyrtec, may also be used to treat hives. It is a non-sedating antihistamine but may cause more sedation than similar drugs such as loratadine, explains the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. According to Drugs.com, Zyrtec may cause side effects that impair thinking and reaction times. As such, care should be taken when driving or operating machinery. Other side effects may include nausea, constipation and a dry mouth.
