A contraceptive is used to prevent the impregnation of a human egg with a sperm, according to Merck. Family planning involves making decisions about the use of contraceptives and other methods to prevent pregnancy or plan approximately when a woman can get pregnant. Each method of contraception has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Condoms
One of the most common forms of contraception, a condom is a latex sheath that fits over the erect penis. During intercourse, this method prevents sperm from entering the uterus by holding it inside the condom after the man ejaculates. One advantages of this method is that it's one of the least expensive contraceptive options. However, many men find condoms to be a hassle---as well as decreasing their pleasure during sex because of the decreased physical contact. Condoms don't require a prescription and can be found in most drug stores, according to Medline Plus.
Birth Conrtol Pills
Birth control pills use chemicals and drugs to regulate the production of eggs within a woman's reproductive system. If eggs aren't being produced, it isn't possible for a woman to get pregnant. Some birth control pills also contain an ingredient known as progestin, which prevents sperm from entering the uterus by creating a sticky lining in the vagina that traps the semen, according to Medline Plus. Birth control pills require a prescription, must be taken on a regular basis to be effective and can be expensive if not covered by insurance.
Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a small cap placed inside the vagina before intercourse to prevent semen from entering the uterus. In most cases, the diaphragm is also filled with spermicide, a liquid or gel designed to kill sperm, making it less likely that any semen getting through the diaphragm would be able to impregnate an egg. Like birth control pills, the diaphragm must be prescribed by a doctor, according to Medline Plus, and must be put in and taken out each time a woman has intercourse.
IUD
An IUD is a small device placed inside a woman's uterus by her health-care provider. This device remains in the woman at all times and releases regular amounts of progestin to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
Permanent Contraception
Vasectomy and tubal ligation are two surgical methods used to cause a semi-permanent state of infertility in either the man or the woman, respectively. These methods are used by people who don't want any or any more children, but in some cases the procedure can be reversed.
A hysterectomy is the removal of a woman's reproductive organs, permanently rendering her incapable of having children.
