Perimenopausal syndrome describes the group of symptoms a woman experiences before and after menopause, according to atriahealth.org. The Mayo Clinic further defines it as the years leading up to the final menses, when the body starts exhibiting menopausal symptoms through the first year afterward. The bodily changes during this time can be uncomfortable and inconvenient, but there are ways to manage the symptoms and minimize their effect.
Features
According to The Ohio State University Medical Center, the physiological processes of perimenopause include the following: the ovaries produce less estrogen and release eggs less often, fertility is decreased, menstrual cycles become shorter and reduced levels of androgens and testosterone occur. The physical and emotional symptoms women may experience during this time are due to large fluctuations in hormone levels, says ariahealth.org.
Time Frame
All women experience perimenopause differently. Some women may be asymptomatic or experience mild symptoms, while others may need hormone replacement therapy to treat severe symptoms. According to the Ohio State University Medical Center, perimenopause can last up to 10 years before the final menstrual period; the Mayo Clinic states it can last anywhere from two to eight years. Some women start to experience symptoms in their late 30s, while others do not have symptoms until their 40s.
Symptoms
All of the hormonal and bodily changes during this time can cause a variety of symptoms that can vary in intensity. These symptoms can include menstrual irregularity, vaginal and bladder problems, sleep problems, changes in sexual functioning, changes in cholesterol levels, bone loss and mood changes. According to the Mayo Clinic, 65 to 75 percent of women have hot flashes. These hot flashes can occur at any time; those that happen at night are typically called night sweats.
Treatment
Depending on the kind of perimenopausal symptoms and their intensity, treatment may or may not be necessary. The Ohio State University Medical Center lists possible treatments for perimenopause as including antidepressants to help stabilize mood swings, low-dose oral contraceptives to even out hormone levels and progesterone to help treat premenstrual symptoms. The Mayo Clinic adds that some women choose a progestin-releasing intrauterine device, or endometrial ablation, if they are experiencing heavy bleeding during perimenopause.
Considerations
Changes in lifestyle can sometimes ease perimenopausal symptoms. The Mayo Clinic suggests that balanced nutrition can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis and heart disease, which increases during menopause; regular physical activity can help with mood, strengthen bones and prevent weight gain; and stress reduction techniques like yoga or deep breathing can promote relaxation during a physically and emotionally stressful time. Eating soy and flax products, taking vitamin E and discussing complementary treatments like herbal supplements are also things a woman might find beneficial during perimenopause. Talking to a health care professional about herbal supplements before taking them can help prevent any adverse reactions or medication interactions.
