According to the Centers for Disease Control, HPV, also known as genital human papillomavirus, is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Depending on the type, HPV can cause abnormal cell growth that can lead to cervical cancer. There are more than 40 types of the virus that affect the genital areas of females and males. In addition, there are HPV types that infect the throat and mouth. HPV is passed through genital contact by vaginal, anal and oral sex. HPV tests are routinely administered by doctors who will advise patients of their results.
Pap Smear
According to the Planned Parenthood Organization, a pap smear is one of the first indicators of HPV infection. During a pap smear, the doctor checks the cervix for signs of abnormalities such as cancer, fibroids or sexually transmitted diseases. HPV often creates abnormal cells in the cervix. A pap smear is conducted by swabbing the cervix and examining the specimen under a microscope. A pathologist or lab technician then examines the cells for any abnormalities that may signal HPV infection.
DNA Test
The American Cancer Society states that for an HPV DNA test, cervix or anus cells are collected and broken down for evaluation. Lab technicians check the DNA for stretches that are unique to HPV infection. During DNA evaluation, technicians can also identify the HPV strain, which is important because certain strains increase the risk of cancer development. Since pap smears are designed for women, men who want to test for HPV must undergo the DNA test allowing the anus to be swabbed.
Follow-up Visits
If the HPV test returns a positive result, the medical professional will explain if additional tests are needed. The American Cancer Society reports that HPV usually goes away on its own, or via doctor-prescribed treatment options. A follow-up visit will likely be scheduled in six to 12 months to see if the virus has receded.
