High blood pressure readings result when pressure increases in the blood stream because the blood is pumped more forcefully, according to the American Heart Association. If this condition continues over time, the walls of the blood vessels become stretched, leading to many medical conditions, such as increased risk of blood clots, increased build-up of plaque, heart attacks, heart failure, kidney failure and stroke, the association reports. High blood pressure is a serious medical condition that requires the attention of a medical professional.
Stress
Stress is a leading cause of high blood pressure and the American Heart Association recommends stress management for controlling high blood pressure. The association states that the increase in the stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol make the heart beat faster and constrict blood vessels, leading to high blood pressure.
Sodium
The University of Maryland Medical Center states high sodium intake is associated with higher blood pressure. According to the university's site, the average American diet contains 6,000 to 9,000 mg a day. The American Heart Association recommends less than 1,500 mg a day because, in some people, sodium holds excess fluid in the body, which increases blood pressure and may burden the heart. The association also recommends cutting out packaged and processed foods, as they generally contain large amounts of sodium.
Lack of Exercise
Exercise helps lower blood pressure by reducing stress, causing weight loss, which also helps lower blood pressure, and by stimulating circulation. The American Heart Association recommends 150 minutes of moderate exercise a week. The association suggests 30 minutes a day, five days a week. Moderate exercise is defined by exercise that is high enough that carrying on a conversation or singing is difficult. Getting out of breath is not required, and signals activity that may be too intense.
Alcohol Intake
Alcohol is a contributing factor to raising blood pressure as it interferes with blood flow to and from the heart. Two drinks per day is the maximum recommended allowance for men, and one for women, according to the American Heart Association. A drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer or 5 ounces of wine or one ounce of hard liquor.
Smoking
Smoking increases blood pressure for many minutes after consumption of tobacco. Even secondhand smoke may be harmful to the heart and circulatory system, reports the American Heart Association. Smoking may lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and a buildup of fatty substances in the arteries. Stopping smoking lowers blood pressure.
