Swelling of the feet and legs is common after long periods of sitting or standing, such as when taking a long trip in an automobile, airplane, bus or train as well as working in service positions such as food preparation and health care. When the swelling occurs without obvious reason, a more serious problem may exist. Swelling of the feet and legs can be associated with several conditions.
Cellulitis
Cellulitis is a form of bacterial skin infection often causing inflammation, redness, swelling, warmth and tenderness in the affected area. A fever is often associated with cellulitis, requiring medical treatment to prevent the spread of infection. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the most common cause of cellulitis is staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria. Risk factors for cellulitis include peripheral vascular disease, injury, insect bites and stings, diabetic ulcers, and long-term use of corticosteroids.
Congestive Heart Failure
Congestive heart failure can cause swelling in both legs and feet and can be accompanied by abdominal swelling and shortness of breath during exertion as well as when resting or lying down. Congestive heart failure is a direct result of the body retaining fluid, which builds up in the vascular spaces, as well as the heart and lungs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, heart failure was the contributing factor in 282,754 deaths in 2006 and is a serious condition that causes weight gain with marked swelling in the in the legs and ankles, causing generalized fatigue and weakness.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis, also known as thrombophlebitis, typically causes sudden swelling of the lower leg accompanied by pain and tenderness behind the knee and calf. According to the CDC, deep vein thrombosis may cause the leg to appear dusky in color due to compromised circulation and often indicates a serious condition that can cause disability and even death.
Venous Insufficiency
Venous insufficiency, also known as varicose veins, causes swelling in the legs and can become painful when standing for extended periods. Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the venous wall or valves in the leg veins fail to work properly. This condition allows the blood to pool in the legs, which causes swelling, and results in poor blood return to the heart. According to the Cleveland Clinic, venous insufficiency often occurs from blood clots in the legs known as deep vein thrombosis. Symptoms become noticeable after a long period of standing, causing an aching heaviness in the legs.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Cellulitis Overview
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Heart Failure Fact Sheet
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Cleveland Clinic: Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Foot, Leg and Ankle Swelling Overview
