Dark skin spots on the neck are likely a form of hyperpigmentation called solar lentigines, more commonly known as age spots, liver spots or sun spots. These dark spots are described by MedlinePlus as "extremely common" in people older than 40. They can also appear on younger people or later in life. Although age spots are harmless, abnormalities on the skin should always be examined by a dermatologist.
Causes
Dark spots on the skin of the neck result from prolonged exposure to and damage from ultraviolet radiation. The primary source of UV rays is sunlight, though sun lamps and tanning beds contribute, too, notes the American Academy of Dermatology on its website Skin Care Physicians. UV radiation stimulates production of the skin's pigment, a compound called melanin. Melanin forms to protect underlying layers of skin from radiation, and over time it can accumulate in spots, says MayoClinic.com. Excess melanin can also be a natural byproduct of the aging process, and the formation of dark spots can be influenced by genetic predisposition.
Symptoms
Dark spots on the skin of the neck are often accompanied by similar dark spots elsewhere on the body--especially those areas frequently exposed to sunlight. The hands, arms, feet, face, shoulders and back are commonly affected, according to Aetna InteliHealth. Spots are typically a shade of brown, black or gray. Age spots are not raised above the surface of the skin, are usually oval, and range in size. They don't itch, hurt, or otherwise cause other symptoms. They may enlarge or darken with ongoing UV radiation exposure.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of dark spots on the neck entails visual examination and consideration of a patient's age and amount of sun exposure or tanning over the years, says MedlinePlus. The doctor also considers any other symptoms, whether a patient has a history of sunburns, how long the dark spots have been there and what sort of changes to the appearance or texture of the skin a patient has noticed. A biopsy of the darkened skin may be performed as well to rule out malignancy.
Treatment
There are a few courses of treatment for dark spots on the neck, though age spots don't require any treatment. Protecting the affected skin from further UV radiation is necessary. Many topical skin-lightening products fade skin spots, and those made from hydroquinone are often effective, notes MayoClinic.com. Skin bleaching creams are sometimes used in conjunction with a mild steroid or a retinoid prescription. Various cosmetic procedures--including dermabrasion, laser therapy, chemical peels and cryosurgery--can greatly reduce dark spots on the skin in patients for whom these are deemed safe.
Prevention
The only prevention for age spots on the neck is to protect the skin from UV exposure. As Aetna points out, though, most long-term skin damage results from UV exposure in the first 20 years of life. However, UV protection helps prevent age spots at any point, and also helps limit other cosmetic signs of aging and protects against skin cancer. Shielding the skin on the neck with clothing, wide-brimmed hats and beach umbrellas is a good preventative measure. Liberal use of a sunblock with an SPF over 15 is essential year-round as well.
Member Comments