Glucophage is the brand name for metformin, a type of medication used to treat type 2 diabetes and other health conditions as directed by a health care professional. PubMed Health explains that the drug increases the body's response to insulin, which controls the amount of sugar, also called glucose, in the body. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are unable to use insulin normally, which leads to an abnormal amount of glucose in the blood. As with any medication, Glucophage carries risks of side effects.
Digestive and Abdominal Effects
Glucophage most commonly causes abdominal and digestive side effects, according to Drugs.com. This can include diarrhea, gas, indigestion, nausea, vomiting and stomach upset. Such effects shouldn't be long-term or overly bothersome over time. Should these effects be severe or long-lasting, a patient should contact his physician.
Hypoglycemia
Because Glucophage impacts insulin use, an individual may develop low blood sugar, called hypoglycemia. This should be reported to a health care professional. Signs of hypoglycemia include shakiness, dizziness, sweating, nervousness, irritability, sudden mood or behavior changes, headache, weakness, skin paleness and hunger, according to PubMed Health. Some individuals may develop jerky movements or become uneasy when walking or performing motor tasks. Untreated blood sugar can result in more serious side effects, including a loss of consciousness, seizures and confusion.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia is a typical effect of type 2 diabetes. When taking Glucophage, this effect should not be experienced. If it occurs, an individual should contact a health care professional. Symptoms of elevated sugar levels include extreme thirst, increased urination, severe hunger, vision blurring and weakness according to PubMed Health. Without treatment, hyperglycemia can result in serious effects like becoming confusion, shortness of breath, dry mouth, and nausea or vomiting.
Respiratory Effects
Any changes in breathing are considered severe and uncommon side effects of Glucophage that require immediate medical attention. Examples, as indicated by Drugs.com, include chest pain, chest discomfort, trouble breathing, rapid breathing and any swelling in the mouth or facial area. In some cases, these respiratory effects can be an indication of an allergic reaction.
General Illness
Some users may develop a secondary infection or general symptoms of illness when using Glucophage. These symptoms may appear at the start of treatment, but they should not persist or disappear and return states PubMed Health. Symptoms to watch for include sneezing, cough, runny nose and flushing of the skin.
