Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the rectum and colon. Treatment for ulcerative colitis depends on the severity of the disease, but corticosteroids can help to reduce inflammation in people with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), corticosteroids are very effective when used short term, but potentially severe side effects including loss of bone mass and hypertension, limit their use long-term. NIDDK says that prednisone, methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone may be used in ulcerative colitis to reduce inflammation. (See Reference 1)
Prednisone
According to the Canadian Society for Intestinal Research, prednisone is a potent inhibitor of ulcerative colitis. However, side effects may be severe so both patient and doctor need to weigh up the risks versus benefits of prednisone treatment. (See Reference 2). Prednisone has been associated with side effects including sleep problems, acne and stomach pain. In addition, prednisone can make a person more vulnerable to infection, which means they will need to take antibiotics while using prednisone. (See Reference 3).
Methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid that reduces inflammation and pain associated with ulcerative colitis. A doctor should advise on the correct dosing and treatment schedule. Methylprednisolone may be associated with side effects unwanted effects such as increased sweating, visual disturbances, headache, nausea and dizziness. Weigh gain may also be experienced by some people taking methylprednisolone. (See Reference 4). A potentially fatal condition known as Addisonian crisis may occur if methylprednisolone use is abruptly terminated. As such, patients should taper off their dose of methylprednisolone under the guidance of a medical professional. (See Reference 5)
Hydrocortisone
A doctor may also recommend a corticosteroid known as hydrocortisone for severe cases of ulcerative colitis. Hydrocortisone is similar to a hormone called cortisol that is produced naturally by the body and inhibits inflammation. Hydrocortisone may be administered intravenously via a catheter inserted into the vein or can be injected into a large muscle such as the buttock or thigh. Side effects of hydrocortisone treatment include anxiety, nausea and increased hair growth.
