Aortic valve replacement surgery is a major heart procedure designed to help restore functionality to the aortic valve according to the Texas Heart Institute. The surgery may be performed in response to a valve defect, calcification of the valve or other impairment. Though the surgery is a well-documented procedure, all valve replacement surgeries carry risks. The Texas Heart Institute notes that patients who know the risks can make better heart health choices.
Painful or Unsightful Scarring
According to eMedTV, one common complication of aortic value replacement surgery is the scarring associated with the procedure. Scar tissue can build up into a large and unsightly mass, and in some cases, the scar tissue remains sensitive and painful.
Infection
BMI Healthcare lists infection as a specific complication of aortic valve replacement surgery. eMedTV points out that the infection can take place at the site of the surgery or at the site of the IVs, wires or tubes coming in and out of the chest.
Blood Clots
Though replacement vales are not typically made of tissue, blood clots can develop on or around the valves according to BMI Healthcare. The Texas Heart Institute notes that the blood clots can interfere with the smooth function of the valves and cause fatalities. Medline Plus reports that biological valves have lower risks of blood clots where available.
Valve Replacement Failure
A rare complication of aortic value replacement surgery is valve failure, according to Medline Plus. Valves are designed to last from 8 to 20 years, notes Medline, though some early valve failures do occur.
Irregular Heartbeat
While a new aortic valve is designed to help heart function, the new valve may cause an irregular heartbeat according to Medline Plus. Immediately after surgery, a temporary pacemaker may be used to regulate the heartbeat until the heart recovers from the operation as reported to Medline Plus. In some cases, the irregularity of the heartbeat is so severe that it needs to be regulated with a permanent pacemaker or a long-term regimen of pills, notes Medline Plus.
Heart Attack
According to BMI Healthcare, aortic valve replacement surgery can result in a subsequent heart attack. Depending on the severity of the heart attack, the outcome could be fatal.
