Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen, painful veins in the anus that can cause itching, irritation and bleeding from the rectum, according to Mayo Clinic. They are extremely common, and about half of all adults have at least one by age 50. They are caused when pressure in the lower rectum or anus causes the veins in the area to stretch and bulge out.
Bathroom Habits
The most common cause of hemorrhoids is straining during bowel movements, because that can put pressure on the veins of the rectum and anus, according to MedlinePlus. Chronic constipation is a prime culprit, because it can lead to straining to eliminate stool. A good way to prevent hemorrhoids is to increase the intake of fiber in the diet to prevent constipation. But chronic diarrhea can cause hemorrhoids as well, according to Mayo Clinic, as can sitting for long periods of time on the toilet.
Pregnancy
There are several factors that can cause hemorrhoids to develop during pregnancy, especially during the third trimester, according to the March of Dimes. As the uterus grows to accommodate the baby, it puts pressure on the veins in the rectum, which can lead to hemorrhoids. Pregnancy hormones can make the veins more susceptible to swelling. The strain of labor can also cause hemorrhoids to develop. Pregnant women who had hemorrhoids before conceiving are more likely to get them again during pregnancy.
Lifestyle Factors
Obesity can cause hemorrhoids, according to Mayo Clinic, and so can anal sex. As we age, the risk of hemorrhoids increases, because the tissues around the veins weaken and stretch, making the veins more vulnerable to the pressures that can cause hemorrhoids. Also, some people may inherit a tendency to develop hemorrhoids from their parents.
Other Diseases
Hemorrhoids are sometimes caused by another disorder, according to MedlinePlus. Anal infections can cause hemorrhoids and so can liver cirrhosis.
