Cystitis, also known as a urinary tract infection, is defined by Medline Plus as an inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection. (See References 1) Other less common causes for cystitis include illness, drug reaction, radiation therapy, long-term use of a catheter or use of feminine products that may cause irritation such as spermicidal jellies and feminine sprays and powders. (See References 2)
Urinary Symptoms
Patients diagnosed with cystitis often have the urge to urinate frequently, including throughout the night, though urine output is usually low. Urine may also appear cloudy or dark, indicating the presence of pus or blood.
Pain
Cystitis can cause discomfort or pain in the pelvic and abdominal region. A burning pain or sensation may also occur during urination or sexual intercourse.
Symptoms in Children
According to the Mayo Clinic, young children who have new incidents of accidental wetting at least once a week, especially during the day and at night, may be exhibiting signs of cystitis. (See References 2)
Asymptomatic Patients
According to Merck, cystitis is not always accompanied by symptoms. Older adults are often asymptomatic and may not be diagnosed until fever or mental confusion is evident. Other individuals, such as those with nerve damage or permanently placed catheters, may have no symptoms until fever results or urine tests are performed. (See References 3)
Symptoms Requiring Medical Attention
Call a doctor immediately if urgent, painful urination lasts for several hours, if blood is detected in the urine or if a child is experiencing daytime wetting accidents. Back and side pain, fever and chills or nausea and vomiting necessitate medical attention also, as they may indicate bacteria have entered the blood stream or the kidneys. (See References 4) If left untreated, cystitis can travel into the kidneys and cause permanent damage. Older adults and children are at the greatest risk because symptoms are often misdiagnosed as other conditions. (See References 2)
