Sinus decongestants are used to treat allergic reactions, infections, and environmental irritations that can cause sinus congestion, notes AAAAI. Of the sinus decongestants on the market, there are both over-the-counter and prescription strength varieties available. Patients who familiarize themselves with the basic chemical formulations that form the majority of sinus decongestants will be better able to make an informed decision about which sinus decongestant offers the best outcomes.
Pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine is one of the most popular nasal and sinus decongestant ingredients on the market according to Drugs.com. Many popular brand names, including Sudafed, Contac, Trimeton, Nasofed and Drixoral are made with pseudoephedrine. The medication works by shrinking the blood vessels in the nasal cavity, relieving pressure on the sinus area, according to Drugs.com. Some of the side effects of the medication include restlessness and insomnia, dizziness, loss of appetite, racing heartbeat and increased blood pressure.
Phenylpropanolamine
By the number of brand names that include phenylpropanolamine as an ingredient in their sinus decongestant formulations, phenylpropanolamine is the second-leading sinus decongestant ingredient on Drugs.com. Acutrim, Empro, Propagest and Propan are some of the drugs that contain phenylpropanolamine.
According to Drugs.com, phenylpropanolamine is a constrictive decongestant that has also been linked to a loss of appetite. The ingredient can also be found in some diet pills, although its primary effect is in the sinuses. Common side effects of phenylpropanolamine listed with Drugs.com include dizziness, changes in blood pressure and drowsiness. A rarer side effect noted on Drugs.com is hemorrhaging in the brain tissue.
Phenylephrine
Neo-Synephrine and Rhinall are two of the brand names associated with the sinus decongestant phenylephrine, according to Drugs.com. As a basic decongestant, it works by shrinking blood vessels. It should not be taken if the individual has had a MAO inhibitor in their system within 14 days, due to adverse side effects, according to Drugs.com. Other side effects include burning or stinging in the nasal passages, dizziness, increased incidence of headaches and the potential for severe allergic reaction to the medication.
