Coenzyme Q10, also called CoQ10 and ubiquinone, is an enzyme the body produces and that you can also obtain from food and supplements. Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance, explains the American Heart Association, and it is essential for certain biochemical reactions in cells. CoQ10 levels decrease with age, and also decrease in people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart conditions and cancer. Serious side effects are uncommon. Consult a qualified health care provider before taking coenzyme Q10 supplements.
Gastrointestinal Effects
Some people experience gastrointestinal side effects when taking coenzyme Q10 supplements, as noted by the U.S. National Institutes of Health at its MedlinePlus website. These effects may include loss of appetite, upset stomach, heartburn, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
Increased Bleeding
Coenzyme Q10 may increase the risk of abnormal bleeding, as it may inhibit coagulation, or the ability of the blood to clot, according to InteliHealth. This is mainly a concern for people with bleeding disorders or who take anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, commonly called blood-thinning medications. Some of these include warfarin, heparin and clopidogrel. Certain herbal supplements also have anticoagulant effects, such as Ginkgo biloba.
Low Blood Pressure
This vitamin-like substance may decrease blood pressure, according to MedlinePlus. People with low blood pressure or who take medication to reduce blood pressure should be cautious about using this supplement. Diuretic medications and herbs also can reduce blood pressure, and Q10 could have an added effect. Low blood pressure can lead to dizziness, light-headedness and fainting.
Hypoglycemia
Coenzyme Q10 also may reduce blood glucose levels, explains MedlinePlus. Diabetic patients taking medicine to regulate their blood sugar should monitor their levels closely in case a dosage adjustment is needed. Very low blood sugar, technically known as hypoglycemia, can be dangerous.
Liver Issues
Rarely, liver enzyme elevation has been associated with coenzyme Q10 supplements. This indicates liver injury or damage. People with liver disease, or who take medications or other substances that can have negative effects on the liver, should be cautious about taking coenzyme Q10, advises MedlinePlus. Acetaminophen can have adverse effects on the liver, for example, as can alcohol.
Organ Damage
MedlinePlus describes a study of patients with heart disease taking CoQ10 who experienced organ damage during intense exercise. This effect was caused by lack of oxygen and blood flow. The agency notes that the role of Q10 in this adverse effect is unclear, but that health care providers often discourage strenuous exercise in people who take these supplements.
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