The thyroid gland produces important hormones and helps regulate metabolism, or the rate at which food is converted into energy. Common forms of thyroid disease include hyperthyroidism--overactive thyroid--and hypothyroidism--under-active thyroid. According to "Living Well with Hypothyroidism: What Your Doctor Doesn't Tell You and You Should Know About Thyroid Disease," by Mary J. Shomon, a healthy diet can improve thyroid function and wellness in people affected by thyroid disease. Dietary changes should be doctor-approved for best results.
Function
A diet for thyroid disease provides numerous functions. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, a healthy diet inclusive of particular nutrients may help prevent or reduce symptoms of hypothyroidism. A thyroid disease diet should also promote overall wellness, reduce risk for additional diseases and, when possible, support normal thyroid function.
Helpful Foods
In general, a thyroid-friendly diet should contain primarily nuritient-rich foods. According to Shomon, high-fiber foods, such as whole grains, starchy vegetables and lentils, can support thyroid function, weight control and digestive health. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as berries, citrus fruits, red bell peppers, leafy greens and tomatoes contribute to strong immune system function. Omega-3 fats, found in wild salmon, tuna, lake trout, mackerel and herring, may reduce inflammation associated with thyroid disease. The mineral iron and B vitamins, found in whole grains, dairy products, fish, poultry and fresh vegetables, may also provide benefits. The Mayo Clinic recommends regular intake of calcium-rich foods, such as low-fat dairy products, salmon, spinach and almonds, for people with hyperthyroidism.
Foods to Avoid
Certain foods may disrupt thyroid function. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, these include cruciferous vegetables, such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and brussel sprouts, turnips, kale, spinach, soybeans, peanuts, pine nuts and mustard greens. Limiting intake of refined foods, such as enriched breads, pasta, cereals, candy, cookies, potato chips and soft drinks, can support blood sugar balance and overall health.
Weight Management
Since the thyroid gland affects the metabolism, weight management is a significant concern for people with thyroid disease. According to the Mayo Clinic, hyperthyroidism can cause excessive weight loss, which may require dietary supplementation in order for nutrient, caloric, fat and protein needs to be met. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can lead to weight gain. For this reason, consuming a nutrient-rich diet based on low-calorie foods, such as fruits and vegetables, is key.
Suggestions
Thyroid disease is treatable. In many cases, thyroid treatments reduce all adverse side effects caused by the disease. However, a healthy diet is important regardless of whether a person experiences symptoms. Furthermore, dietary techniques should not replace medical treatments, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. A healthy, balanced diet, regular exercise and regular contact with a trusted physician can promote wellness, healthy weight and thyroid function.
References
- "Living Well with Hypothyroidism: What Your Doctor Doesn't Tell You...That You Need to Know""; Mary J. Shomon; 2005
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Hypothyroidism Facts and Treatment
- Mayo Clinic: Hyperthyroidism Lifestyle and Home Remedies
