Alpha hydroxy acids, or AHAs, are substances used on the skin to diminish wrinkles, sun damage, acne and rough texture. Common AHAs include malic, glycolic, lactic, tartaric and citric acids. AHAs are chemical peeling agents that work by exfoliating or removing damaged dead cells from the skin. Use of AHAs is not without risk of side effects. Those considering a chemical peel should decide which effects are desired and work with a dermatologist for the best results, says Dr. Adam Rotunda, a Newport Beach, California dermatologist.
Redness and Temporary Tingling
Mild irritation, including redness and a temporary tingling sensation, is the most commonly anticipated side effect of alpha hydroxy acid treatment, Dr. Rotunda says. Minor peeling that lasts for several days is also possible. Use these agents exactly as directed to minimize side effects. Daily use of moisturizer and sunscreen to nourish and protect the skin is vital.
Blistering, Chemical Burns, Bad Peeling, Pain, Scarring
Severe irritation from alpha hydroxy acids includes blistering, chemical burns, severe peeling, pain, swelling and scarring. Formulations vary in strength from 2 percent to 70 percent, and the risk of serious side effects increases with higher doses. Acid concentration of over-the-counter formulas is typically 3 percent to 5 percent, and medical-grade formulas--typically administered weekly or monthly at a physician's office--range in strength from 50 percent to 70 percent, according to Dr. Rotunda. Concentrations of up to 60 percent are available on the Internet but should not be used without the supervision of a doctor, the University of Maryland warns.
Sun Sensitivity
Products containing alpha hydroxy acids require labels warning consumers of increased skin sensitivity to the sun, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration says. Increased sunburn and skin damage from the sun's ultraviolet rays can result. These effects are temporary but may persist for a week after the last application. Daily use of sunscreen, protective clothing and limited sun exposure are advised.
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