Corticosteroid therapy is used to treat conditions such as myositis, systemic vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In these conditions, the body's defense system does not function properly and causes tissue damage. Corticosteroids, popularly known as steroids, are drugs that closely resemble a hormone produced by the adrenal glands called cortisol. The Cleveland Clinic says that complications from these drugs depend on the dose, the type of steroid used and how long the treatment lasts.
Cataracts and Glaucoma
MayoClinic.com says that cataracts and glaucoma are complications of oral corticosteroid therapy. Cataract is an eye disease in which the natural lens of the eye gets clouded. Elevated pressure in the eye due to steroids can also lead to glaucoma. In this eye disease, the optic nerve gets damaged, causing blindness. Blurred vision may also occur as a side effect of these drugs.
High Blood Sugar and High Blood Pressure
MayoClinic.com notes that long-term therapy with steroids can cause an increase in blood sugar levels. This can, in turn, lead to diabetes or worsen an already existing condition. The Cleveland Clinic states that individuals taking these drugs may also suffer from hypertension, or high blood pressure.
Osteoporosis
According to the Cleveland Clinic, osteoporosis--a condition in which bones get thin and weak, and are prone to breakage or fractures--is a complication of corticosteroid therapy because these drugs can cause loss of calcium in the bones.
Weight Gain
By increasing the appetite, another complication of corticosteroid therapy is weight gain, reports MayoClinic.com. Fat deposits are especially seen in the abdomen, face and the back of the neck.
Other Complications
Sudden mood swings, nervousness and irritability are also often experienced by individuals on corticosteroid therapy. An increase in body hair and a swollen, puffy face may also be seen in these individuals. Corticosteroid therapy patients may be prone to more infections, and may also experience muscle weakness. Problems sleeping, water retention, acne and irritation in the stomach are also complications of these medications. There may also be thinning of the skin that causes easy bruising and slower wound healing.
