Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is a clinical diagnosis which includes ADD without hyperactivity. The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) states that both terms refer to the same condition, characterized by the onset of symptoms in early childhood. The cause of ADHD is unknown, but may be linked to hereditary, prenatal and environmental factors. Evaluation leading to diagnosis may be made on the basis of impulsive and inattentive behaviors, frequently combined with hyperactivity, over the span of several months and consistent in a variety of situations.
Types
Inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity are the main symptoms of ADHD. While the most commonly diagnosed type of the disorder includes all three, some children may be hyperactive and impulsive but have no trouble paying attention. The least disruptive and most likely to be overlooked children with ADHD are those who are inattentive but not hyperactive or impulsive. UMMC reports that as many as 30 percent of children with ADHD do not have symptoms of hyperactivity.
Significance
Children who are inattentive, impulsive or hyperactive may appear to be undisciplined; those who are simply inattentive may be labeled unmotivated. Children with ADHD symptoms have difficulty carrying out tasks that require planning, organization and concentration. Parenting and teaching strategies to help children with ADHD include structure, consistency and simple, direct communication.
Misconceptions
Helpguide.org lists misconceptions about ADHD, including a widespread belief that children always outgrow the disorder. It is now recognized that ADHD symptoms may persist into adolescence and adulthood. Coping skills learned in childhood may decrease risky behaviors and improve adult quality of life. Another myth is that for children with ADHD, concentration is impossible under any circumstances. Kids who are inattentive may focus exclusively on things that interest them and have difficulty paying attention to dry academics or parental lectures.
Benefits
Children with ADHD have positive symptoms, or characteristics, that can be developed into strengths, such as the ability to view problems from a new perspective. Imagination and creativity may lead to innovation, while energy and enthusiasm may serve to fulfill the ambitions of hyperactive kids.
Expert Insight
Lara Honos-Webb, Ph.D., author of "The Gift of ADHD Activity Book," advises that parents help children develop emotional skills. In addition to giving a sense of direction, emotional intelligence can transform many ADHD symptoms into strengths. Providing more downtime, validating a child's point of view and dropping unreasonable expectations may lead to better behavior. Honos-Webb suggests providing plenty of varied experiences that expose children with ADHD to art, nature, science, business, sports and other areas where people with energy and imagination can make important contributions.
References
- UMMC: Attention Deficit Disorder, Children's Health Guide
- Helpguide.org: ADD/ADHD in Children
- "The Gift of ADHD Activity Book"; Lara Honos-Webb, Ph.D., 2008
