Child neglect involves failing to provide for a child's basic needs over time. This can have profound and long-lasting effects on a child's emotional and physical development. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services emphasizes observing one warning sign does not mean a child is being neglected. However, when warning signs are observed "repeatedly or in combination," further investigation may be necessary.
Behavior Signs
Children experiencing neglect are often withdrawn or passive. According to the Coalition for Children, neglected children are frequently hungry, lethargic, late or absent from school, or failing to complete or turn in homework. Weeping, distractibility and low self-esteem are also often indicators of neglect.
Physical Signs
Children who are excessively dirty over time are experiencing neglect. Their skin has stains obtained over several days. They have a strong or offensive body odor. Their hair is dirty and not brushed or combed. Their clothing is inadequate for the weather, does not fit or has not been cleaned. The Coalition for Children also states physical conditions or illnesses left untreated--such as respiratory infections, skin problems or chronic diarrhea--are also warning signs of neglect.
Parental Signs
Concerning signs from parents or caregivers of children include a lack of concern regarding the child's well-being or indifference to her needs. Failure to follow through with recommended medical care, educational supports or other resources can also indicate neglect. Parents who abuse alcohol or drugs are at risk for neglecting their children, as they are unable to provide adequate supervision or a safe environment. Lack of supervision is a serious indicator of neglect, and according to the Coalition for Children, is a high-risk warning sign that commonly leads to death. Sometimes families do not have adequate resources due to financial distress rather than willful neglect. Offering resources and providing support such as transportation to appointments can have a positive impact on the care of the child.
Child Disclosure
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services indicates children often make statements disclosing the neglect they are experiencing. They report no one is home to care for them, their parent or caregiver is frequently sleeping or under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or they do not have food available to eat. Children also disclose they do not have appropriate clothing for extreme weather, such as winter coats and boots.
Reporting
Concerns regarding the care and welfare of a child are made to the local department of human or social services and can be made by any person with concerns. Certain professionals are considered mandated reporters. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the specific requirements vary by state, but these reporters usually include people who work with children, such as social workers, educators, medical professionals, mental health providers, child care workers and police personnel. Reporting involves a suspicion of child neglect and does not require the concerned person to investigate the situation. Reporting suspicions of child neglect is essential for protecting children and providing families with the support they need to keep their children safe.
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