The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, or NIAID, reports that an estimated 31 million people in the United States suffer from sinusitis. MayoClinic.com defines sinusitis, or a sinus infection, as the inflammation of the sinus cavity, caused by a virus, bacteria or fungus. Sinusitis that lasts for less than eight weeks is considered acute, and a sinus infection lasting more than eight weeks is considered chronic sinusitis. For an accurate diagnosis, talk with a medical professional.
Cause
Sinusitis can be the result of various circumstances. The most common causes of sinusitis are allergies, the common cold, nasal deformities and environmental conditions. Allergies cause sinus inflammation due to increased histamine in the blood. The common cold is a viral infection that can affect the sinus cavity, leading to a sinus infection. Nasal deformities, such as a deviated septum or nasal polyps, can cause nasal obstruction, irritating the sinuses. Environmental conditions can include pollution, going from hot to cold temperatures or drastic change in altitude.
Symptoms
NIAID states that the common symptoms of sinusitis are headaches, nasal congestion, sinus pressure, low-grade fever and thick nasal discharge. Nasal congestion from sinusitis causes pressure to build-up around the sinus cavity, causing pain in teeth, behind the cheekbone and behind the eyes. The body will attempt to fight off the infection by raising the body's temperature, resulting in a low-grade fever. A sinus infection will produce thick, dark yellowish-green discharge.
Treatment
Acute sinusitis is not usually treated with antibiotics, according to MedlinePlus. A doctor may recommend antibiotics for a sinus infection, if she feels it is necessary. Other treatments use over-the-counter medications, such as decongestants, pain relievers and antihistamines. Home care includes drinking more liquids, inhaling steam and using a humidifier at night. Talk with a doctor before you begin treating yourself.
Prevention
The NIAID states that using a saline wash is an effective way to prevent a sinus infection. Saline washes keep the sinuses clean, moist and free of any irritants and allergens. MayoClinic.com instructs people to avoid allergens and irritants, such as pollen, cigarette smoke and air pollution, to prevent sinus infections. Use a humidifier if the air in the home is excessively dry.
Considerations
MedlinePlus recommends seeing a doctor if the symptoms last more than 10 days, symptoms worsen, a severe headache develops or there is an increase in the fever. Other signs of serious complications include change in vision, migraine headaches and a swollen forehead.
