During an excisional breast biopsy, the surgeon makes a small incision in the breast and attempts to remove abnormal breast tissue in order to evaluate it for cancer, according to the Susan G. Komen for the Cure website. Once the tissue is removed, it is sent to a lab for tests. Excisional breast biopsies are typically performed on masses that are too small to be felt and can only be seen on a mammogram.
Allergic Reaction
Some women may have an allergic reaction to the anesthesia that is administered prior to the surgery, according to Healthopedia.com. An allergic reaction may occur when an overly sensitive immune system reacts to the presence of the medication by attempting to rid the body of the substance. Side effects of the anesthesia vary depending on the dosage and the individual, but an adverse reaction may include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, headache and/or lightheadedness. Most of the time the symptoms will dissipate on their own, but in severe cases, medical intervention may be necessary.
Infection
A common complication associated with an excisional breast biopsy is an infection. Approximately 5 percent of people who have a breast biopsy will develop an infection, according to Healthopedia.com. During the biopsy, harmful bacteria can enter the incision site and spread throughout the body. Breast tenderness that continues to worsen three days after the biopsy may signal an infection. In addition, a fever, redness, puss or warmth around the incision site may indicate the presence of an infection and should be reported to a health care provider immediately.
Scarring
Women who have an excisional breast biopsy are at risk for scarring. As with any surgery, scar tissue can form at the incision site, causing a small scar. The University of California San Francisco Medical Center states that hard lumps may develop in the affected breast as a result of scar tissue formation at the incision site. The appearance of the scar depends on the amount of tissue removed and how the breast heals, according to MedlinePlus. Scar tissue that forms in the breast can interfere with the mammogram machine's ability to detect cancer.
