A colonoscopy is a lower gastrointestinal procedure used to examine the colon and rectum for abnormalities. During a colonoscopy, a lighted flexible tube known as a colonoscope is inserted into the rectum and colon and used to examine the lining of the colon. Patients should discuss possible problems during a colonoscopy with their doctors.
Adverse Reaction to Sedation Medication
Patients undergoing a colonoscopy are usually sedated using medications such as Versed, Demerol, Fentanyl and Propofol. Some patients may experience adverse reactions such as hypersensitivity, low blood pressure and slowed breathing. Patients with previous histories of heart and lung problems are at greater risk of experiencing adverse reactions to sedative medications. During a colonoscopy, gastroenterologists usually monitor patients' vital signs to avoid complications from anesthesia.
Improperly Cleaned Colon
According to the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, cleaning the colon prior the colonoscopy is very important, as it enables a more accurate examination of the colon lining. Doctors usually prescribe colon preps and laxatives the day before the colonoscopy so as to ensure that the colon is free from fecal matter. Patients who refuse to take colon preps usually have stool in the colon which may create problems during the colonoscopy procedure. The doctor is usually unable to view the lining of the colon of a patient with an improperly cleaned colon which may delay diagnosis of colon problems.
Colon Perforation and Hemorrhage
As mentioned, a colonoscopy involves the insertion of a colonoscope into the colon and rectum. Carbon dioxide gas is also pumped into the colon to inflate it for a clearer view. A colonoscope may perforate the lining of the colon, leading to hemorrhage. The carbon dioxide gas may also perforate the colon if the gas is pumped too vigorously.
