A renal diet may be necessary for individuals with impaired kidney function or kidney disease. The degree to which kidney function is impaired determines the degree of diet restriction. Typically, on a renal diet, three minerals should be limited: phosphorus, potassium and sodium. While most foods are rich in one or more of these nutrients, there are still many foods to choose from.
Fruits and Vegetables
Potassium and phosphorus are major minerals. According to the Medical College of Wisconsin's Department of Nephrology, excess amounts are excreted by normal, healthy kidneys. Elevated amounts of either in the blood stream may cause health complications. Fruits appropriate on a renal diet in limited quantities, include watermelon, apples, grapes, cranberries, cherries and pears. Canned fruit cocktail, canned pears and peaches are also acceptable. Recommended vegetables, low in potassium and phosphorus; include wax or green beans, celery, cucumbers, cabbage, onions, carrots, eggplant and lettuce.
Grains, Starches and Sweets
Grains and starches are often high in phosphorus and sodium. Recommended choices for a renal diet, according to the Mayo Clinic, include grains such as couscous; rice and rice noodles; and some cereals, such as cream of rice, farina, cream of wheat, oatmeal and/or grits. White-bread products and pastries, such as sweet rolls, croissants, plain wafer cookies; and white or yellow cake are also options. Other allowed "sweets" for a renal diet include hard candy, gelatin, gumdrops, Rice Krispies treats, sherbet, cobblers or pies made with allowed fruits such as apples or cherries; and pudding made with half-and-half or non-dairy creamer.
Dairy and Meat Substitutes
Dairy products are high in potassium and phosphorus; thus regular dairy products are not appropriate choices. Non-dairy creamer, soy milk, non-fortified rice milk and low-sodium cottage cheese---low in both potassium and phosphorus---are suggested dairy substitutes, with a dietitians approval. Meats and legumes are high in phosphorus and should be limited as per a physician's and/or registered dietitian's recommendation. Some "veggie" or soy-based meat alternatives, such as Worthington canned, diced Turkee or Chik slices, are relatively low in potassium, phosphorus and sodium.
Condiments and Beverages
According to the National Kidney Foundation, as kidney function declines, sodium and fluid may accumulate in your body. Eating sodium-rich foods may exacerbate swelling, particularly in extremities. Condiments are usually high in sodium. Look for low-sodium versions and try plain oil and vinegar dressing in place of regular bottled dressings. Instead of using salt or potassium-rich salt substitutes, season foods with pepper, garlic and herbs. For beverages, choose water and non-cola sodas, such as ginger ale or lemon-lime.
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