Glycolic acid belongs to the alpha hydroxy, or AHA, family of acids. It is a natural derivative of sugar cane and--like other AHAs--exfoliates to rejuvenate skin, says DermNetNZ.org. Accordingly, glycolic acid is a common ingredient in over-the-counter and professional-grade skin-care products. It is used to treat a range of dermatological conditions, including hyperpigmentation, a typically harmless disorder characterized by freckles; age spots; and other dark patches of skin.
Features
Applied topically, glycolic acid penetrates the surface of the epidermis, the layer of skin composed of dead cells held together by a glue-like substance. It then works to loosen these bonds, allowing for easier removal of the dead, damaged skin. Glycolic acid's exfoliating action helps improve the appearance of hyperpigmentation by gradually "peeling away" dark patches of skin. The result is a smoother, more even complexion.
Preparations
Glycolic acid treatments include lotions, creams, cleansers and peels. Over-the-counter products contain between 5 and 20 percent concentrations of glycolic acid and are typically formulated for daily use at home. Stronger preparations include facial peels with acid concentrations of 20 to 70 percent. A dermatologist or aesthetician usually administers these prescription-strength treatments.
Effectiveness
Glycolic acid treatments are mild and provide results over time. BrownSkin.net says that it can take up to six months of daily glycolic acid use before hyperpigmentation marks start to fade. Even stronger formulations like facial peels do not produce immediate results. According to DermNetNZ.com, AHA peels must be repeated every one to two weeks, with improvements occurring over a few months.
Side Effects
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns that glycolic acid treatments can temporarily increase sensitivity to the sun, and recommends the use of sunscreen. Other side effects of glycolic acid use include mild peeling, redness and irritation. Switching to a lower concentration may alleviate these symptoms; however, if reactions become severe or include blistering, burning, swelling or changes in pigment, immediately discontinue use of the product.
Warning
Glycolic acid can help fade the effects of hyperpigmentation, but it cannot prevent the formation of future spots. Wearing a broad-spectrum sunscreen at all times not only protects the skin from sun damage, but it also prevents over-pigmented areas from further darkening. Warns the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology, where hyperpigmentation is concerned, "a single day of excess sun can undo months of treatment."
Member Comments