Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis and infantile eczema, is a general term that refers to chronic skin conditions that cause red, irritated rashes. According to KidsHealth.org, about one out of every ten children develop eczema, typically before they turn five. However, more than half outgrow the condition by the time they reach their teens.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of eczema is extremely itchy, dry skin. Some toddlers suffer from eczema that first appears as blisters that ooze and crust over. Other children develop eczema that shows up as thick, scaly skin that is either lighter or darker than the skin surrounding it, a condition known as lichenification. The University of Maryland Medical Center, or UMMC, reports that toddlers typically first develop eczema on their cheeks, knees or elbows.
Causes
The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that eczema might be caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Common environmental factors that cause eczema flare-ups include excessive dryness or moisture, cold air, house dust, cat or dog dander, wool clothing and cigarette smoke. Foods that often cause flare-ups include wheat, cow's milk, peanuts, eggs and soy. Some soaps and laundry detergents can cause flare-ups in toddlers.
Complications
Toddlers have a hard time not scratching itchy skin. The scratching further irritates the eczema, which makes the skin itch even more. AskDrSears.com adds that the dry, irritated skin also isn't able to heal itself very quickly, so other allergic reactions and bacterial infections might occur. Many toddlers who suffer from eczema grow up to have permanent scars on their skin. KidsHealth reports that around half of the toddlers who suffer from eczema will also eventually develop asthma or hay fever.
Treatment
Doctors often prescribe topical corticosteroids, such as Calamine or Caladryl, to soothe mild eczema flare-ups. Oral corticosteroids are often used to treat more severe eczema cases. Some parents give their toddlers antihistamines at night to relieve the itchiness. Talk with your child's health care provider before treating eczema flare-ups.
Prevention
Bathe your toddler in lukewarm water instead of hot water, which can be very drying. Gently pat your child's skin dry instead of rubbing it with a towel. Avoid dressing your toddler in wool or other coarse fabrics. Use soft, cotton clothing instead. You can also help to reduce the risk of eczema flare-ups by using mild, unscented soaps, lotions, creams and laundry detergents.
