Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become frail and susceptible to fractures. Smoking, a diet poor in calcium and vitamin D, and a lack of regular weight-bearing exercise can all raise the risk of this condition. Using glucocorticoid drugs for longer than 3 months also raises the risk. Medications such as Prednisone, cortisone and others commonly used to treat arthritis and inflammatory conditions, can slow the rate of bone growth. The good news is that there are treatments for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis that can help.
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
The body needs adequate amounts of calcium throughout life to keep the bones strong. It also needs vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium. Since taking glucocorticoid drugs slows bone growth, it is essential for anyone on this type of medication to get enough of both.
The American College of Rheumatology recommends that patients taking these medications for longer than 3 months should consume at least 1,000 to 1,200 mg of calcium, and 400 to 1000 I.U. of vitamin D every day. While food is the best source, a registered dietitian can recommend the best type of supplement.
However, it is important to remember that too much calcium and vitamin D can be just as harmful.
Bisphosphonate Medication
Throughout life, bones go through a constant process where old bone is broken down and new bone is laid down in its place. Osteoporosis occurs when bone is broken down faster than it is replaced, which results in low bone mass. Taking glucocorticoid drugs can speed this process.
To help counter this side effect, a bisphosphonate medication may be prescribed. Bisphosphonates are called antiresorptive medicines. They can slow or stop the natural process that breaks bone down. When taken regularly, they can help to maintain current levels of bone strength or even increase it.
According to the "New England Journal of Medicine," one of the more effective bisphosphonates is alendronate, also known as Fosamax. The journal notes that study patients either maintained bone mass levels or improved bone mass with just a 10 mg daily dose.
Anabolic Medications
Patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis may also benefit from an anabolic medication such as Teriparatide, claims the National Osteoporosis Foundation. This medication is a hormone that stimulates new bone formation. It is self-administered as an injection, and is used in cases of severe bone loss to help reduce the risk of a fracture.
Lifestyle Changes
Along with medication, it is important to take steps to reduce the risk factors for osteoporosis that are controllable. This means quitting smoking and getting 30 minutes of weight-bearing exercise on most days of the week to stimulate bone growth and strengthen the muscles to help improve balance.
Making changes to daily activities to reduce the risk of a fall is also important. This means having adequate lighting around the home, removing scatter rugs that can cause a fall, and installing grab bars near the shower and toilet. A physical or occupational therapist can suggest additional changes that will help prevent a fall.
