Fish oil is a good source of both EPA and DHA, two essential omega-3 fatty acids necessary for good health. Regular consumption of fish oil can lower the risk of heart disease, arthritis and cancer, notes the University of Maryland Medical Center. In children, fish oil might also improve memory, prevent nerve and vision problems, regulate behavior, prevent AHDH and depression, and protect against dry skin and fatigue. Fish oil supplements in children may cause significant side effects, however, and must therefore only be used under the supervision of a medical professional.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Even small doses of fish oil can cause diarrhea in children, with severe diarrhea sometimes resulting from ingestion of high doses. Because children are at greater risk of dehydration than adults, severe diarrhea can quickly escalate into a medical emergency. Abdominal pain, bloating, increased burping, and acid reflux are other possible gastrointestinal symptoms associated with fish oil use in children. Taking fish oil with meals might reduce the incidence and severity of these side effects.
Increased Risk of Bleeding
High doses of fish oil containing omega-3 fatty acids can pose a significant risk of bleeding and increase the risk of suffering a hemorrhagic stroke. The National Institutes of Health explains that fish oil may interfere with platelet aggregation, increase the breakdown rate of blood clots, reduce von Willebrand factor, a clotting protein, and prolong bleeding time. These effects can potentially lead to easy bruising, bloody urine and nosebleeds.
Other Side Effects of Fish Oil in Children
Fish oil supplements can raise blood sugar levels in diabetic children and lower blood pressure, which can be harmful in those who already suffer from low blood pressure. They can also increase LDL, the bad cholesterol, by as much as 10 percent. Taken long-term, fish oil can lead to a deficiency of vitamin E, according to the National Institutes of Health. For this reason, many fish oil supplements now contain vitamin E. High doses can increase the risk of vitamin A and D toxicity.
Other possible side effects of fish oil supplements in children include skin rashes, elevated liver function tests, mania, back pain, uneven heartbeat and flu-like symptoms, warns Drugs.com.
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