The kidneys perform many important functions. They help to regulate the amount of fluid and minerals in the body as well as filter the blood. If you have kidney disease, they cannot complete these tasks as efficiently and monitoring your diet takes center stage in dealing with reduced kidney function and preventing complications that arise from this decreased function. In terms of a renal diet, it is primarily based on what you do not consume rather than suggestions on what you should.
The Importance of Professional Guidance
While all patients with kidney disease need to take similar precautions when it comes to diet, no blanket formula exists for all patients. The degree to which you need to restrict certain things will depend on what capacity your kidney is functioning at. For example, you must exercise much more diligence in watching your fluid intake if your kidneys are only functioning at 15 percent of their capacity rather than 90 percent. Your doctor will play a large role in guiding you in your diet as your function progressively declines. In most cases, he will also refer you to a dietitian who specializes in working with patients with kidney disease. They will base their suggestions on fluid intake, amount of protein daily and the like, based on your kidney function at that time. It is very important to adjust your diet as they advise.
Fluids
Since the kidneys regulate the amount of fluid in the body, reduced function means you will have to monitor your fluid intake. The National Kidney Foundation states that in the early stages of the disease, it is not as critical to do this but you will probably need to cut back to some degree. Your doctor will advise you on suggested fluid intake based on the severity of your condition. Besides the obvious like drinks, fluids also include ice cream, popsicles, ice cubes and jello.
Monitoring Protein
The complex structure of protein makes it harder to break down than other nutrients; it also does not break down as cleanly and produces a waste product called urea. Diseased kidneys cannot remove the urea as efficiently from the blood, which can lead to a number of problems including pain, nausea and vomiting. Your body needs protein, but you must reduce your intake to lighten the strain your kidneys undergo to process it. This means you must reduce your intake of animal products in particular, as well as other high-protein sources such as nuts, seeds and soy products.
Watching Phosphorus and Potassium Intake
The mineral phosphorus works with calcium to build strong bones and teeth; it also plays an important role in tissue repair and maintaining a proper balance of vitamins and minerals in the body. Diseased kidneys cannot filter out the excess and this can lead to a loss of calcium and other problems. You must limit your intake of phosphorus-rich items including sodas, meats, cheese, nuts, sardines, peanut butter, beer, dried beans and ice cream.
You must also reduce your intake of the mineral potassium, which helps to maintain heart and muscle health. Excess potassium can lead to heart problems and even death. Limit your consumption of potassium-rich foods including bananas, broccoli, potatoes, oranges, coffee, cantaloupe, tomatoes, mushrooms, raisins, greens, apricots and raisins.
Sodium
In most cases, kidney disease and high blood pressure go hand-in-hand. You might need to restrict the amount of sodium in your diet. This means being very diligent about buying packaged, canned and prepared foods, as they are often high in sodium. Processed meats also have high sodium content. Beware of salt substitutes, as they might contain potassium.
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