Nestled between a tendon and a bone sits a small, fluid-filled sac called the bursa. The bursa not only absorbs shock, but also cushions and protects the bone and tendon from rubbing against one another. The condition “bursitis” occurs when this fluid-filled sac becomes inflamed, swollen and painful. As explained by Drugs.com, ankle bursitis occurs when the “the bursa between the Achilles tendon and the heel becomes inflamed.” Ankle bursitis is commonly related to the sport of running.
Causes
The Mayo Clinic explains that bursitis typically occurs in joints that undergo frequent repetitive motions, like the ankle. Overusing the ankle in the same repetitive motions, such as during running, jumping or walking, puts the ankle at significant risk for developing bursitis. Other common causes of ankle bursitis include trauma to the heel, rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Additionally, unusual pressure against the ankle and/or heels can lead to bursitis. This pressure might be caused by improperly fitting shoes or running on uneven surfaces.
Symptoms
A person suffering from ankle bursitis will typically experience pain and tenderness around the back and sides of the ankle. In many cases, this pain if worse just after you begin running, exercising or wearing tight shoes. You might also notice swelling and redness around the area. The swelling and pain significantly reduce the range of motion of the joint, resulting in a stiff ankle. If the bursitis is caused by an infection, a fever might also be present.
Diagnosis
In many cases, a physician can diagnose ankle bursitis through a simple examination of the ankle. However, diagnostic imaging tests, such as an X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan might also be necessary. These scans provide an image of the ankle anatomy, resulting in easy detection of bursitis.
Treatment
The Physicians’ Desktop Reference (PDR) explains that “the most important part of treating bursitis is resting your Achilles tendon while the bursa heals.” Do not attempt to run while the bursa remains swollen and painful. In fact, PDR recommends that you only return to running once your physician has approved the activity. Ice the area for 20-minute intervals at least three or four times per day.
If an infection is present, antibiotic medications will be prescribed. Additionally, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. In more severe cases of ankle bursitis, steroid injections or surgical removal of the bursa might be required.
Prevention
Fortunately, running on a regular basis does not always cause ankle bursitis. To prevent developing the painful condition, stretch thoroughly before and after exercise. While running, wear properly fitting shoes and soft heel pads to cushion the area. If you feel pain while running, stop immediately and allow the ankle to rest.
