Whether you run, walk, bike, hike or play sports, you probably have experienced the pain of a blister at some point in your life. When these develop on your foot, even the simplest activities seem unbearable. Fortunately, once you understand how and why you get blisters on the foot, you can take special measures to prevent and treat them.
Identification
As explained by KidsHealth.org, a blister is a small area of raised skin that forms in an area subjected to rubbing or pressure. However, this constant pressure or rubbing not only damages the skin, but it also injures the body’s local tissues and blood vessels. As damage occurs, a watery liquid seeps out of the damaged tissues and vessels. This fluid accumulates inside the blister, acting as a sort of cushion between the outside world and the new skin developing underneath the blister.
Causes
Essentially, blisters are caused by friction. When material rubs or applies pressure against the skin constantly, that area of skin and the tissues underneath it eventually become damaged. As the tissue fluid leaks out, the outer layer of skin separates from the inner layer and creates a fluid-filled pocket. Improperly fitting or too-tight shoes are the most common causes of foot blisters. However, moisture on the feet, shoes or socks will quicken blister development.
Prevention
The simplest and most effective method for protecting against blisters is to choose a pair of shoes that fit your feet well. Before buying shoes, walk and/or jog around the store a few times in them. You should not feel any painful pressure points or areas of friction.
Other preventive methods involve wearing clean, dry socks to form a barrier between the shoe and skin. Because many people develop blisters on the back of the heel, socks should go higher up the ankle than the shoes. If your feet become wet, replace your socks or shoes with a dry pair as soon as possible. If necessary, sprinkle talcum powder on your feet before putting socks on; the powder helps absorb moisture, keeping it away from the skin. The Sports Injury Clinic website also recommends covering blister-prone areas with strips of zinc oxide tape. Blister-prone areas include the back of the heel, between the toes and along the foot's inside.
Treatment
Because fluid-filled blisters are often very painful, the Mayo Clinic recommends carefully draining the fluid. To do this, thoroughly wash your hands and the area around the blister with soap and water. For extra precaution, clean the blister with rubbing alcohol. Use a sterilized needle to carefully puncture the blister near its bottom edge. Allow the fluid to drain completely, but do not remove the outer skin. Once all fluid has drained, apply antibiotic ointment to the blister, and cover with a bandage.
Infection
After draining the blister, pay close attention to the area around it for several days. If an infection develops, the skin likely will turn red, and the area will be tender and warm. In most cases, an infection will also create pus, which might ooze out of the blister. If signs of infection are present, contact your doctor as soon as possible.
