A tendon is a tough band of tissue that connects muscles to bones throughout the body. With normal functioning, the tendon slides in and out of the sheath surrounding the tendon. An inflammation in the sheath surrounding the tendons of a finger can cause the finger to form a bent position. This condition, referred to as trigger finger, flexor digital tenosynovitis or stenosing tenosynovitis, occurs when the tendon can move out of the sheath, but not back into it due to the inflammation. The result of the inability of the tendon to move is the finger catching, or locking, in a bent position. The condition occurs often in the thumb, middle and ring fingers.
Causes and Risk Factors
Sometimes there is no known reason for trigger finger to occur, but the condition most often occurs due to repetitive use and strain on the tendon. Adults between 40 and 60 are most likely to develop trigger finger, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Using the hand for repetitious gripping or grasping of an object for long periods can cause an increased risk of developing trigger finger. Some medical conditions increase the risk of getting trigger finger. These conditions include diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and hypothyroidism.
Symptoms
Symptoms of trigger finger include swelling in the area and a tender lump in the palm of the hand. Bending or straightening the finger may cause pain or stiffness. The stiffness may feel worse when waking in the morning or after periods of inactivity. The individual may feel the finger catch or pop when moving the joints. The finger may also lock into place without the ability to straighten it, according to MayoClinic.com
Diagnosis
A physician diagnoses the condition based on an examination and does not usually need diagnostic testing such as an X-ray.
Treatments
Treatment for trigger finger varies, depending on the severity of the condition. For mild conditions, rest, exercises with the fingers and massaging the area can help reduce symptoms. Avoiding activities that trigger the condition and wearing a splint can also help. For more severe cases of trigger finger, a physician may prescribe the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. Steroid injections near the tendon can help reduce inflammation. If nothing helps resolve the trigger finger, surgical repair may become necessary.
Complications
Complications of trigger finger generally occur when a surgeon performs surgery to correct the condition. Infection at the site may occur following surgery. After surgery, the individual may continue to experience tightness in the finger and continued trigger responses because of not releasing the first portion of the tendon sheath.
