The term Eucalyptus refers to a genus of over 600 species of flowering trees, most of which are native to Australia. The pungent-smelling leaves have many traditional uses in Australian Aboriginal medicine. The leaves are steam distilled to extract the clear, fresh-smelling Eucalyptus oil. The resulting essential oil is widely used for everything from a cold remedy to a natural household cleaner. Eucalyptus oil has recently also increased in use as a treatment for acne.
Causes of Acne
Acne is a red, irritating rash that usually affects the oily areas of the skin. The face, chest and back are especially vulnerable.
Acne has a variety of causes, all of which involve a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, which includes a hair, a hair follicle and a sebaceous gland. A common cause of acne is the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes, which normally inhabits the skin and feeds on the sebum produced by the sebaceous gland. An abundance of sebum creates favorable conditions for the bacterium, which, in turn, activates the immune system. White blood cells attack the bacteria with enzymes that can damage the wall of the follicle and cause an inflammatory response on the surface of the skin.
Expert Insight
In a study published in July 2004 in "Letters in Applied Microbiology," by T. Takahashi, R. Kokubo and M. Sakaino, the antimicrobial properties of eucalyptus oils from 26 species were tested against nine pathogens that cause acne, food poisoning and athlete's foot.
The researchers concluded that the species Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus maculata and Eucalyptus viminalis were effective against the Propionibacterium acnes bacterium.
How It Works
Eucalyptus, like most plants, contains high concentrations of flavonoids. These compounds protect the plant from attack by various microbes and fungi.
Eucalyptus also contains chalconoids which, in addition to their antimicrobial and antifungal properties, also have anti-inflammatory properties.
The flavonoid and chalconoid compounds found specifically in Eucalyptus maculata were especially potent against Propionibacterium acnes, according to Takahashi, et al.
Preparation and Use
Eucalyptus oil is distilled and acts as an extremely potent astringent. It is generally sold with a dropper and must be thoroughly diluted for use on the skin. Do not use the oil on any open cuts. Consult a specialist before applying any mixture of Eucalyptus oil directly to your skin.
Warning
Eucalyptus oil can cause allergic reactions and even have toxic effects, especially in children. Topical exposure to Eucalyptus oil has led to cases of slurred speech and unconsciousness. Accidental ingestion by a 3-year-old boy caused "profound central nervous depression," according to an article published in the August 2003 issue of the journal "Allergy."
Tea tree oil is a mild alternative with similar properties.
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