Hydronephrosis occurs when urine accumulates in one or both of the kidneys and causes them to enlarge and swell. Approximately 1 percent of people have unilateral hydronephrosis, or swelling of one of the kidneys, according to MDGuidelines. Patients who develop complications of hydronephrosis should speak with a doctor for further guidance and care.
Renal Insufficiency or Failure
Excessive fluid buildup in one or both kidneys can stretch and damage these organs. Kidney damage can cause toxins to build up in the body. If patients with this condition do not receive appropriate treatment, they are at risk of developing kidney or renal insufficiency or failure as a complication of hydronephrosis, MedlinePlus reports. Renal insufficiency or failure symptoms include fever, body swelling, bruising, extreme fatigue, itchy or dry skin, urinary problems and nausea or vomiting. These symptoms can be fatal if toxic waste products remain in the body. Surgical intervention or dialysis may be necessary to resolve renal complications in patients with hydronephrosis.
Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary tract infection complications can arise in patients with hydronephrosis, The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library warns. Urine that remains stagnate within the kidneys is more susceptible to bacterial infection. Patients with a urinary tract infection caused by hydronephrosis can experience urgent, painful or frequent urination combined with fever or abdominal pain. Without appropriate antibiotic treatment, a urinary tract infection can lead to a kidney infection, which also increases the risk of kidney damage.
Additional Symptoms
Patients can also experience alternate hydronephrosis symptoms. Typically, these symptoms include intermittent back or flank pain, fever, upset stomach, abdominal swelling or distention and urination changes, the National Health Service explains. Chronic or progressive hydronephrosis may yield no specific symptoms in affected patients. Patients may need to undergo surgery to resolve hydronephrosis symptoms.
